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Explain Stretcher Of C Program

 

Structure Of C Program



Preprocessor Directives

Preprocessor directives are used to include header files, define constants, and perform other tasks before the code is compiled. Here are some common preprocessor directives:

#include

The #include directive is used to include header files in the program. Header files contain function prototypes, constants, and other declarations that are needed by the program. For example, the following code includes the stdio.h header file, which contains the printf function:

Example:       #include <stdio.h>

#define

The #define directive is used to define constants in the program. Constants are values that do not change during the execution of the program. For example, the following code defines the constant PI:

Example:       #define PI 3.14159

Function Declarations

Function declarations tell the compiler about functions that are defined elsewhere in the program. Here are some examples:

Return Type

The return type of a function specifies the type of value that the function returns. For example, the following code declares a function named add that returns an integer:

Example:       int add(int a, int b);

Parameter Types

The parameter types of a function specify the types of values that the function expects to receive as arguments. For example, the following code declares a function named add that takes two integers as arguments:

Example:       int add(int a, int b);

Main Function

The main function is the entry point of the program. It is where the program starts executing. Here is an example of the main function:

Example:       int main() {  // code goes here  return 0;}

The return 0 statement at the end of the main function indicates that the program has been executed successfully.

Function Definitions

Function definitions are the actual implementations of the functions declared earlier. Here are some examples:

Return Statement

The return statement specifies the value that the function returns. For example, the following code defines a function named add that returns the sum of two integers:

Example:       int add(int a, int b) {  return a + b;}

Function Body

The function body contains the code that is executed when the function is called. For example, the following code defines a function named print_hello that prints the message "Hello, world!" to the console:

Example:       void print_hello() {  printf("Hello, world!\n");}

Statements and Expressions

Statements are instructions that do something, like assigning a value to a variable or calling a function. Expressions are combinations of values and operators that can be evaluated to produce a result. Here are some examples:

Assignment Statement

The assignment statement assigns a value to a variable. For example, the following code assigns the value 5 to the variable x:

Example:       int x = 5;

Function Call

A function call executes the code in a function. For example, the following code calls the add function with the arguments 3 and 4:

Example:       int y = add(3, 4);

printf Statement

The printf statement prints a message to the console. For example, the following code prints the message "The sum of 3 and 4 is 7" to the console:

Example:       printf("The sum of 3 and 4 is %d\n", y);

Comments

Comments are notes that are added to the code to explain what it does. They are ignored by the compiler. Here are some examples:

Single-Line Comment

A single-line comment starts with two forward slashes (//) and ends at the end of the line. For example:

Example:       // This is a single-line comment

Multi-Line Comment

A multi-line comment starts with /* and ends with */. For example:

Example:       /*This is a
                  multi-line 
                  comment*/

Conclusion:

C program is made up of several parts, including preprocessor directives, function declarations, the main function, function definitions, statements and expressions, and comments. Preprocessor directives are used to include header files and define constants. Function declarations tell the compiler about functions that are defined elsewhere in the program. The main function is the entry point of the program, and function definitions are the actual implementations of the functions declared earlier. Statements are instructions that do something, and expressions are combinations of values and operators that can be evaluated to produce a result. Comments are notes that are added to the code to explain what it does. By following these guidelines, you can write clear, well-organized C programs that are easy to read and understand.




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